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 Mathematics belongs both to liberal arts and to sciences. It is not only the language of science (including social science), but also studied for its own beauty. It is therefore one of the most vital and lively subjects in the University curriculum.
-The Undergraduate Program of the Department of Mathematics and Statistics include five major degree options that lead to the following three major tracks.
+The Undergraduate Program of the Department of Mathematics and Statistics include six major degree options that lead to the following three major tracks.
-The common preliminary lower-level courses required for all the five math major options are calculus I--III (Math 224/225, Math 226/227 or Math 230, and Math 323) , linear algebra (Math 304), and number systems (Math 330). Read the [[https://www.binghamton.edu/bulletin/2023-24/acadprogs/harpur/mathematics.html/|University Bulletin]] for a very comprehensive and detailed official description about the coursework requirements for each of the five major degree options.
+The common preliminary lower-level courses required for all the six math major options are calculus I--III (Math 224/225, Math 226/227 or Math 230, and Math 323), linear algebra (Math 304), and number systems (Math 330). Read the [[https://catalog.binghamton.edu//|Academic Guide]] for a very comprehensive and detailed official description about the coursework requirements for each of the six major degree options.
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 ===== Mathematics Tracks (BA/BS) =====
-The BA in Mathematical Sciences allows each student to flexibly customize a course of study to meet his or her individual needs and interests, emphasizing either the //breadth// or //depth//. The student is encouraged to gain experience in different areas of mathematics. Core areas of Mathematics include Analysis, Algebra and Geometry/Topology. Other areas include Actuarial Science, Statistics, Combinatorics, Computer Science, and others. A student is required to finish one upper-level course from each of the three core areas, and two additional upper-level courses. To obtain a BA degree in in mathematical sciences with a mathematics track, a student must complete a minimum of 40 credits of coursework.
+The BA in Mathematical Sciences allows students to flexibly design a course of study that fits their individual interests, with options to emphasize either //breadth// or //depth//. Students are encouraged to gain experience in several areas of mathematics. Core areas include Analysis, Algebra, and Geometry/Topology. Additional areas include Actuarial Science, Statistics, Combinatorics, Computer Science, and related fields. Students must complete one upper-level course from each of the three core areas, plus two additional upper-level courses. To obtain a BA degree in mathematical sciences with the mathematics track, a student must complete a minimum of 40 credits of coursework.
-The challenging BS degree program provides excellent preparation for graduate studies. Students considering a BS degree should seek advice from their academic advisors as early as possible and plan their schedules carefully to meet the demanding requirements. To obtain a BS degree in mathematical sciences with a mathematics track, a student must complete a minimum of 64 credits of coursework.
+The BS degree program is more intensive and provides excellent preparation for graduate study in mathematics and related disciplines. Students considering a BS degree should consult with their academic advisors as early as possible and plan their schedules carefully to meet the demanding requirements. To obtain a BS degree in mathematical sciences with the mathematics track, a student must complete a minimum of 64 credits of coursework
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-===== Statistics Track (BA) =====
-Statistics is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data, in the context of uncertainty. Statistics is primarily mathematics in nature but has grown through applications in the social sciences, natural sciences, as well as business and engineering, to become its own separate, though closely allied, field.
-The BA track in Statistics is designed to provide a solid mathematical and statistical foundation for a successful career related to statisticians, data analysts, and data scientists. It offers students the possibility of expanding the interdisciplinary aspect of the program by completing a second major. For example, students may combine statistics with computer science, biology, psychology, economics, accounting, finance, management science, or social science.
+===== Data Science & Statistics Track (BA) =====
+Data science and statistics focus on turning raw data into reliable insight and decisions in the presence of uncertainty. This field combines statistical modeling, computing, and domain knowledge, with applications across the natural and social sciences, business, engineering, and the humanities.
-To obtain a BA degree in mathematical sciences with a statistics track, a student must complete 50 credits of coursework.
+The BA track in Data Science & Statistics is designed to provide a strong mathematical and statistical foundation together with modern data-science tools, while leaving room for a second major or minor. Students complete core coursework in calculus, linear algebra, probability, mathematical statistics, regression, and statistical learning, together with a computing-intensive course and a practical experience in data analysis (for example, an internship, research project, or consulting course).
+This track works especially well in combination with majors such as computer science, biology, psychology, economics, finance, accounting, management, or other social and natural sciences. To obtain a BA degree in mathematical sciences with the Data Science & Statistics track, students must complete the required core and elective courses described in the University Bulletin and on the departmental planning sheets. Approximate number of credits is 52--56.
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-===== Actuarial Tracks (BA/BS) =====
+===== Data Science & Statistics Track (BS) =====
+The BS track in Data Science & Statistics is a more intensive program aimed at students who want a deeper mathematical and computational background for graduate study or technically demanding careers in data science, statistics, or related fields.
-The track in Actuarial Science is designed to prepare students for an actuarial career. Actuaries use probability models to quantify uncertainty and risk in business problems. Actuaries assemble and analyze data related with risks to answer questions such as how much to charge policy-holders for auto, life or health insurances, how to set up retirement plans, how to formulate investment strategies in light of future risks. They provide an evaluation of risk for their companies for strategic decisions.
+In addition to the core courses shared with the BA track (calculus, linear algebra, probability, mathematical statistics, regression, statistical learning, and computing), BS students take further upper-level mathematics and statistics, such as real analysis, advanced linear algebra, optimization, stochastic processes, or related topics. They also complete additional advanced electives and a practical experience in data analysis.
-Because of the crucial role in such decision making, actuaries are rewarded accordingly; salaries offered to actuaries are [[https://www.dwsimpson.com/salary.html/|substantial]], and there is ample opportunity for advancement in the actuarial profession. Moreover, actuarial careers often lead to upper management and executive positions.
+Students considering the BS track are strongly encouraged to consult with their academic advisors early and to plan their schedules carefully to meet the more demanding requirements. To obtain a BS degree in mathematical sciences with the Data Science & Statistics track, students must complete all required core and elective coursework specified in the University Bulletin and departmental degree-planning materials. Approximate number of credits is 64--68.
-Refer to the [[https://www2.math.binghamton.edu/p/actuary/start|Math department section on actuarial sciences for more detailed information.]]
+===== Actuarial Tracks (BA/BS) =====
-Professional advancement results from passing a series of examinations administered by the actuarial societies and by the completion of specific courses approved by the actuarial societies. The BA track in Actuarial Science requires 10.5 courses in Mathematical Sciences (that is 10 full-semester courses and one half-semester course) and 2 courses in Economics.
+The Actuarial Science track is designed to prepare students for an actuarial career. Actuaries use probability models to quantify uncertainty and risk in business problems. They assemble and analyze data related to risks in order to answer questions such as how much to charge policyholders for auto, life, or health insurance, how to design retirement plans, and how to formulate investment strategies in light of future risks. They provide crucial evaluations of risk that inform their companies’ strategic decisions.
-To obtain a BA degree in mathematical sciences with an actuarial science track, a student must complete 42 credits of coursework, including 10.5 courses in Mathematical Sciences and two courses in Economics. The BS
+Because of their central role in decision making, actuaries are well compensated; salaries offered to actuaries are **[[https://www.dwsimpson.com/salary.html/|substantial]]**, and there is ample opportunity for advancement in the actuarial profession. Moreover, actuarial careers often lead to upper management and executive positions.
-degree with an actuarial science track requires 58 credits of coursework, including 14.5 courses in Mathematical Sciences and 4 courses in Economics.
+Refer to the **[[https://www2.math.binghamton.edu/p/actuary/start|Math department section on actuarial sciences]]** for more detailed information.
+Professional advancement results from passing a series of examinations administered by the actuarial societies and by completing specific courses approved by these societies.
+To obtain a BA degree in mathematical sciences with an actuarial science track, a student must complete 52 credits of coursework, including 11 courses in Mathematical Sciences and 2 courses in Economics. The BS degree with an actuarial science track requires 76 credits of coursework, including 15 courses in Mathematical Sciences and 4 courses in Economics.
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